Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Babbitt by Sinclair Lewis - Essay Example Examples of these contradictory human traits abound throughout the novel. George believed in material possessions as definitions of his worth, but his discontent with them is evident thus: He hadn't even any satisfaction in the new water cooler! And it was the very best of water coolers,..(p. 26 Chp. 3). His weakness regarding attempts to stop smoking is frequently portrayed, with little plans to thwart himself, such as locking his cigars in a filing cabinet and hiding the key, and his many promises to quit. After his Maine vacation, he had to leave the train to buy a cigar, then later our days later, he again remembered that he had stopped smoking, but he was too busy catching up with his office work to keep it remembered.(p. 116 Chp. 12) When he found himself accepted as a good orator, at the real estate convention, he was full of bombastic pride, but also a simple pleasure in having his ability so recognized. guess some of the folks on Floral Heights will sit up and take notice now, pay a little attention to old Georgie!(p.128 Chp. 13) There is much endearing boyishness in his enthusiasms and frequent attempts to improve in many areas of his life. His continuing success as an orator has something sadly nostalgic about it, as Babbitt harks back to his unfulfilled desire to have been a lawyer. His snobbery and social climbing were evident when, after the alumni reunion, he and Mrs. Babbitt gave a disastrous dinner party for the rich McKelveys. He rationalized the fact that these people would not be their friends by telling his wife ut I like to have a chance to visit with you and the children instead of all this idiotic chasing around.(p. 152 Chp. 15). hey did not speak of the McKelveys again.and these words were applied to the Overbrooks, whom the Babbitts considered beneath them, again after an awkward dinner. Both instances demonstrated the good and bad in Babbitt's character and values. Love and loyalty were shown where Paul Reisling was concerned. Babbitt defended his friend, managed a week of freedom for him from his nagging wife, Zilla and rushed to the prison after Paul shot her. 'm not going to be moral, I just want to do anything I can.(p. 204, Chp. 22) He even offered to perjure himself to get Paul his freedom. With his family, although he found them hard to tolerate, Babbitt showed concern always for their well-being and futures. He spent time with Tinka and Myra and never ignored Ted or Verona, despite their annoying him. When he changed radically in his attempts to break away from his conventional life, he seemed to embrace all that was opposite to his previous character, drinking, dancing, having the affair, and criticizing his old friends. But he showed kindness, loyalty and love when Myra got sick, and returned to being the character first portrayed at the beginning of the novel. There was a depth of self-awareness in the handling of Ted's youthful marriage and desire to leave university. His reactions and advice to his son showed him as an empathetic and even likable character, despite what is known about him. 've never done a single thing I've wanted to in my whole life! I don't know's I've accomplished anything except just get along....Take your factory job if you want to...Don't be scared...of yourself, like I've been. Go ahead old man! The world is yours!(p. 305 Chp. 34) In

Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo Essay Example for Free

Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo Essay Alexander Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo is founded upon historical events and political intrigue. He not only uses historical facts to help the reader understand, he also weaves such details into the story to make it possible for his reader to have an understanding of the current events that were taking place in France, during that time (from approx. 1815 through 1838). Dumas would want his readers to be familiar with French history, and to have it in their mind as they read his beloved tale. In the 1800’s Marseilles was one of the largest ports in the south of France with a â€Å"population between 93,000 and 110,000†, thus trade flourished and it was home to many merchants, and businesses (Marseilles). This is where our story of revenge begins. Marseilles was the hometown of Edmond who we meet as a naà ¯ve sailor who is later to become imprisoned as a political criminal, and altered for life. Marseilles was also the home to both Edmond’s father who dies of hunger soon after his son was imprisoned, and Edmonds beautiful, and noble fiancà © Mercedes who was a poor, Catalan. After Dantes’ imprisonment Mercedes cared for his father until he passed. She lost faith of Dantes ever being released from prison and back by her side, there for she felt she had no choice but to marry Fernand Mondego when he asked for her hand in marriage. Fernand Mondego was the jealous fisherman who also betrayed Dantes because he too was in love with Mercedes. Mondego saw, and seized the opportunity to thwart their love for one another. Military success brought Mondego a fortune, which allowed him to change his name to Count de Morcef, making Mercedes the Countess. The Morrel family (the owners of the ship, Pharaon), were also residents of Marseilles. Mr. Morrel felt a great deal of compassion for Dantes’ family which compelled him to not only invest with great effort, his time and money in an attempt to keep Dantes from an un-warranted life in prison but, he also paid for Dantes’ father’s burial. The cards were stacked against Dantes, and even with the assistance of M. Morrel, his future was written. Once Edmond escaped from prison he visited M. Morrel who was in the depths of despair, and contemplating thoughts of suicide because he could no longer support him self financially. Dantes seeing him as a righteous man who had once gone to great lengths, and knowing the efforts taken by Morrel in attempt to save him from prison, Dantes felt compelled, and anonymously made a financial contribution to Morrel, which, saved him from ruin. While Dantes never revealed himself as the contributor Morrel suspected that it was he, and on his deathbed Morrel explains to his family that he believes that their finical savior was indeed Edmond Dantes. The prosecutor of Marseilles, who was ultimately responsible for Dantes’ incarceration, was Monsieur de Vellefort. Vellefort’s father was a known Bonapartist. Vellefort who disagreed with his father’s stance, and as the prosecutor decidedly took an extremely harsh stance on his policy in dealing with Bonapartist conspirators. Vellefort sought to protect his own name by placing Edmond in prison as a political conspirator because he knew, and feared the letter Dantes carried could be traced back to his (Vellef ort’s) father so, he used his power in a misguided manor to which he would later suffer at the hands of Dantes. Danglars was a man driven by non-other than jealousy who also lived in Marseilles at the time. He despised that Dantes had been advanced to Captain of the Pharaon instead of him, and sought out a plot in which Dantes could be caught with the letter to tarnish his name, leaving Danglar’s the only choice to fill his role as captain. After Edmond’s imprisonment Danglars indeed became the captain and eventually graduated his position to a banker. As a banker he was able to acquire an incredible fortune where he then became a Baron. In the end Monte Cristo destroyed Danglars by destroying his fortune. Dumas purposely created each of these characters to have beginning in a position of poverty, showing us how they were either villainous in their rise to fortune, and would ultimately be ruined by Dantes’revenge. Or, Dumas showed the character to be virtuous with their fortune, and power eventually to be saved, or spared by our protagonist. He also showed us these characters progression from the bottom of the socioeconomic structure, eventually prospering into wealth, their bye showing us, [the reader] there were no misgivings of old money or new during these times in France. Each of these characters rose in the echelons, and were afforded the ability to acquire a title and were able re-create themselves within society in a manner to which they deemed worthy of their amassed fortunes. This ability for one to somewhat procure a title gives us a great sense of the changes that were taking place during that time, it was no longer about being of royal blood that gave you credibility, or worthiness, but about how hard one worked to further themselves and gain their fortune. In the opening scenes of the story Danglars, who is the ships â€Å"supercargo† reports to the ships owner once they docked in Marseilles, that Edmond, acting on what was the last dying wish of his captain, had stopped at the island of Elba to retrieve a letter that was addressed to Noirtier (Dumas 5). In fulfilling his captains last dyeing wish, Edmond’s unknowingly retrieved a letter from Napoleon personally, making it appear as though he was conspiring with the then exiled Napolean, and that he himself was a Bonapartist. Napoleon had been a soldier and then went on to become Emperor of France in the early 1800’s. It was after the French Revolution that Napoleon was elected First consul of France. Napoleon made many great changes for his country. He brought much needed structure back to France. He began by implementing better education, paying off France’s debt, and changing the structure of his army. He allowed not only the affluent to rise within the ranks, but affording the impoverished the same opportunity of growth within the ranks as they proved their worth, and showcased their talents. Napolean’s army was no longer based upon economic stature, but one that afforded an equal playing field to every man (as long as they were anglo). Napoleon also applied this same thought process into the civilian realm of France as well. In an attempt to expand France’s territory he invaded Russia. This invasion turned out to be one of Napoleon’s greatest defeats. During this great siege Napoleon was out maneuvered by Russia’s Alexander I, this resulted in a defeat, and a loss of almost 500,000 French troops. Soon after he stepped down as consul and was banished to the island of Elba. During this time, there were citizens who still loved and supported what he had done for France; these people were considered to be Bonapartist’s. There were also members of the French nobility (and much of Europe’s) who despised Napoleon, they wanted nothing more than to see him removed; they called themselves royalists. Dumas wanted this clearly defined so the reader would feel the internal power struggle between Bonapartist and Royalists. One of these royalists was a man named Villefort. He happened to be the prosecutor Edmonds faced in Marseilles. Villefort knew full well that Edmond was an innocent man, and not a Bonapartist, but made a calculated decision to protect his own ambitions, because it was his (Villefort’s) fathers name that was mentioned in the letter that Edmonds had carried back from Napoleon. His father was a known Bonapartist, so in an effort to show support to the royalists, and put a damper on the Bonapartist efforts, Villefort secretly sentenced Edmond to the political prison of Chateau d’if. Dantes was thrown into Chateau d’ if, and forgotten for fourteen years. During the first few years of his imprisonment Dantes’ father died of starvation, and Mercedes married Fernand; both of which he is completely unaware of. As time passed he became more and more delusional, and even began to contemplate suicide. All the while, his former employer Morrel made efforts to locate Dontes in an attempt to try to have him released, but was unable to find his location. The Chateau d’if, where our fictional character Dantes was imprisoned, was in fact an actual prison fortress. It was â€Å"built by the French King Francis I in 1524† on an island in the bay approximately one mile off the coast of Marseille (Chateau d’if). It’s was originally designed and was intended to be a defense mechanism against would be attackers of Marseille, but soon became the home to, â€Å"3,500 Huguenots (French Protestants) who earned their keep as galley slaves†(Marseille-Provence). This rocky, beach front setting is where Edmond Dantes was doomed to carry out his unwarranted sentence, and spent fourteen long years of his life; just a stone throw away from Marseille, yet no one could locate him. Many of the chateau’s actual guests seem to have had the common theme of being unwarranted prisoners. It was not unusual during the time for individuals to be â€Å"imprisoned without trial under so-called lettres de cachet, supposedly signed by the King, for minor misdemeanors (a popular ploy used by moneyed families to get rid of unruly offspring without causing a public scandal)†(Marseille-Provence). Funnily enough, one of Napoleons Civil Codes warranted it legal for a father to imprison a child for up to 1 month. Many of the Chateau’s inhabitants were lost in the shuffle, and locked up for as long as the family desired. This island for misfits, and unwanted relatives is also the location where Dantes befriends Abbe Faria, who was also a political prisoner. The two prisoners meet when the Abbe was attempting to tunnel his way to freedom; however, a miscalculation brought him directly into Dantes’ cell, instead of out to the freedom he had desired. The two newly found friends spent the next few years passing their time. Abbe dedicated himself to the task of educating Dantes in science, literature languages. He also helps Dantes figure out whom it was that played key parts, and were ultimate responsibility lie for his incarceration. At some point Abbe began to think of Dantes as the son he never had, and confided in Dantes the location to the hidden fortune. Together the two began planning their daring escape, knowing all the while that any escape plan would be difficult, if not impossible due to the fact that the prison is completely surrounded by water, and much of the island had vertical cliff walls that would raise the likelihood of injury if not death, while escaping. Fortunately for the pair, they had nothing but time. During this era in France, prisoners with wealth and title (like the Abbe) could request certain items to make their stay a bit more comfortable. The Abbe used this to their advantage, and was able to order some tools and trinkets for his cell. The same reason Abbe was able to order trinkets is the reason Edmond had none; he was penniless, and unable to purchase items. This was also quite indicative of the times; if you were higher up in society, you were able to purchase more benefits in prison, as well as in life. The Abbe died before the two were able to act out their escape plan. Thinking quickly on his feet, Dantes was able to replace his own body in the Abbe’s body bag, solidifying his own escape. The hopes Dantes held onto, and that drove him to be victorious in his escape were gone. When he did finally gain his freedom he was faced with the fact that his loved ones were either dead, or had moved on, and it was no longer a possibility to be a part of their life, or the one that he had left behind. He was a man who must decide what it was he was going to become, and do with the life that he regained. During this time it is made clear that Dantes was struggling with his purpose in life, and felt lost. It was said that he felt, â€Å"that he belongs to no country, no land, even to the point where he feels more at ease while on the ocean† (D’Ammassa). While contemplating what he was to become and what to do with his life, now that he was a free man Dantes spent some time onboard a ship as a smuggler in the Mediterranean. Where he could confront his feelings, and decide what is was he wanted to do. During one such smuggling trip Dantes had the opportunity to go to the Island of Monte Cristo where he resigned his position a smuggler and proceeded to find the treasure Abbe entrusted him with. The Island of Monte Cristo is indeed an actual island. It is located in the â€Å"Archipelago Toscano National Park† but, is not accessible to people and is now an animal refuge (Montercristo Island). It is presumed that Dumas had visited this remote island in 1842 and thought it perfect for the use as the setting in one of his novels; however, the actual island bears little resemblance to the one portrayed in his tale. In the story Edmond finds the treasure that Abbe Faria entrusted to him, on this island. The resources from the treasure will eventually allow him the opportunity to manifest himself into a count, and begin his ascent into righting the wrongs done unto him. Once his visit to the island of Monte Cristo has ended he proceeds to Rome where he stays for a while rejuvenating himself in upscale hotels, and taking beautiful women to the opera. During his stay there Dantes met Valentine, Villefort’s daughter; this act strikes a chord deep within Dantes and spurs his retribution into action. Dantes also meets Albert de Morcerf in Rome, where he aides in Alberts release from kidnappers. To return this life saving favor Dantes asks Albert to familiarize him with the Parisian aristocrats. For those of us with an appetite for a great revenge novel, this is where you can feel the plot begin to thicken, and Dumas has you flipping through the pages. With Albert as his guide, Dantes makes his way to Paris where the intrigue intensifies as Dantes began to pick off his prey one by one. During the time when Dumas’ tail was released, Paris was the metropolitan center of France, 600,000 people lived there. It was the mecca for European culture, and sciences, and also where many of Dumas’ readers would have been located making Paris an obvious choice to set such a tale; the sale of his writings to readers in the city were booming. Paris was left in shambles until Napoleon became first consul. At which time he began to re-model the city, giving it qualities you might have seen in a more up to date Rome. He added sewers, sidewalks bridges, and wharves. These additions not only brought about a better economy, but better living conditions for many. This city full of Parisian culture was also where the Villefort, the Morcerf, and the Danglars families had all settled. These families migrated to Paris, and with their newly acquired wealth began lavishing them selves in a life of luxury. Once in Paris, and with help the Count finds his way into the midst of each of the families, becoming a most welcome guest. It is from this calculated position that Dantes is able to initiate his plan and ultimately unravel the successes, and happiness of each of the men who had at one time or another plotted against him. Dumas, was able to give his reader an understanding of the setting in The Count of Monte Cristo with ease, he simply embellished upon of the historical occasions that were taking place before his eyes. Dumas expertly tied together the political struggle between Napoleon and the Royalists. By expounding upon well-known, and heavily populated cities such as Marseille, he was able to bestow a bit of history, and expand his reader’s minds, while also adventuring with them to isolated, dangerous places like the Chateau d’if or even Monte Cristo Island. He solidifies the intrigue, danger, and of course revenge in his literary work of art, which is sure to continue to captivate readers for many generations to come. Works Cited Chateau dIf. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2012 This article describes Chateau d’if the small Mediterranean island off the port of Marseille. I hope to be able to give a more accurate development of the scene where Dumas’ main character spent a great portion time. This article came from the Encyclopedia Britannica online. DAmmassa, Don. The Count of Monte Cristo. Encyclopedia of Adventure Fiction. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Blooms Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. 15

Is Charles Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood Relevant to the Modern Wor

Is Charles Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood Relevant to the Modern World? A story commonly spread through word of mouth, Charles Perrault wrote an early rendition of Little Red Riding Hood in 1697. Between the late 17th century and today, there have been a few changes in societal norms, customs, and understandings of social values. To summarize, laws based on religion have given way to laws based on science†¦in turn, scientists have taken their newfound social power and discovered ways to destroy all life on Earth†¦following that, humans have practiced leaving the planet, preparing for the inevitable day when our self-created nuclear holocaust gives us no other choice†¦and lastly, various oppressed social groups, recognizing that they would also like a seat on their starship to salvation, have fought for their civil rights and equality through various social reform movements. A side effect, political correctness, is the attempt to rid the English language of any terms, phrases, or expressions that would encourage our society to rema in rooted in its biased theories of the past. Thus, we are now at an age where a maxim is placed upon the empowerment of the individual, no matter who you are or what formerly oppressed group you may represent, with an equally strong maxim placed upon breaking any barriers that block the empowerment of the individual. That’s great†¦but what does it have to do with Little Red Riding Hood? With so much happening in the past four hundred years, stories which may have previously seemed perfect and timeless have perhaps become socially outdated. This could be the case with many fairy tales, and Perrault’s Little Red Riding Hood is certainly no exception. In general, his vers... ... has taken the civil rights movements of the 20th century and, perhaps, transformed them into raging individualism. The backwardness is clear: Whether it’s a hunter, woodcutter, or doctor, a person trying to save another’s life is admirable and a Good Samaritan, and most certainly not an oppressive chauvinist worthy of reprimand or lawsuits. Political correctness may have its values; however, for Garner and many other Americans, it represents social movements that have been taken too far. Through satire, Garner displays his yearning for simpler times, when wolves just ate little girls who talked to strangers. Works Cited Perrault, Charles. â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood.† The Classic Fairy Tales. Ed. Maria Tatar. New York: Norton, 1999. 11-13. Garner, James Finn. â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood.† Politically Correct Bedtime Stories. New York: MacMillan, 1994. 1-4.

Why Western History Matters :: essays research papers

Critical Analysis for â€Å"Why Western History Matters† by Donald Kagan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Why Western History Matters† is an essay adapted from a speech Donald Kagan delivered to the National Association of Scholars, and was reprinted in the December 28, 1994, issue of the Wall Street Journal. Throughout Kagan’s essay, he describes the essential need for the college course, Western History. He does so by examining older cultures and explaining why they were quintessential to the past and to our future development as a society. I strongly concur with Kagan’s standpoint of the necessity of history, and the realization of how exactly our flourishing society came about. History is a key constituent in determining who we are; for to determine who we are one must first know from whence they came. In the words of George Santayana, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it†. Donald Kagan argues for the requisiteness of Western History by describing older cultures, and then explaining how these older cultures became a key influence in what our society has become today. He examines the ancient Greek, Christian, and English culture influences that helped form our country. Throughout his essay, his depth of historical research is quite evident. He uses historical research of past cultures to imply the necessity of knowing where we, as Americans, came from. This approach helps establish the author’s credibility, and makes his presentation more plausible. The first ancient civilization that Kagan highlights is the Greek. He writes of their republic city-states, and pioneering of a â€Å"political life come to be shared by a relatively large portion of people†. He uses the Greek culture as an influence of science and reason. â€Å"The Greeks exposed everything they perceived—natural, human and divine—to the searching examination of reason.† Finally he describes the Greek quest for virtue and morality. He uses these examples to show how similar our culture is to the Greek. Second, Kagan explains of the Christian influence on our society. With the controversial idea of Christianity, â€Å"Philosophy led to the powerful divisive quarrels about the nature of God and other theological questions†. The influence of Christianity established itself within great writers of American history, who helped shape our country. Such as John Locke, who influenced our country’s foundation with the idea of God given â€Å"natural rights†, life, liberty and property. All of which define our personal freedom today. Finally, he discusses the influence of the English Revolution.

The Effects of Team Dynamics on Corporate Communication

Good communication skills are one of the required skills from the human being to maintain and achieve the expected outcomes of the organization or team. An effective communicator tends to work well in a team. Working as a team in any environment is more productive and the expected outcomes tend to be more of a profitable than working alone. In this report there will be the discussion on the effects of team dynamics on corporate communication. The topic will be divided into sub sections: developing positive team dynamics, effect of team dynamics on individual’s behaviour, personality types and team dynamics and also the author personality type will be discussed. The communication theories and the categories identified by Belbin will also be discussed. It is clear that people got deferent personalities and different ways of adapting the group dynamics, the personality type and team dynamics will be discussed. The types of personalities as described by MBTI will be discussed individually. What is Team Dynamics? â€Å"Team or group dynamics concern the fluid and on-going interaction between and among team members, their actions and reactions. Team dynamics relate to the interpersonal and interdependent process of work—how things get done by and through people, and how team members relate to their task and to each other†(Team Dynamics. n. d. ). It is clear that if team members have the shared vision, goals and objectives about the performance of the team, the team can reach it objectives and it can build healthy team dynamics. Developing a Positive Team Dynamics People are unique and got different beliefs, it is therefore very correct that you study your team mates very well and emphasis more on what is important for the group. Having well defined standards and reporting standard to a group leader that will lead to a healthy group dynamics. These standards can only be effective if the team members are committed to the positive interests of the team. After deciding on team rules or standards the team can easily develop the personal relations and develop trust to each other. This trust and personal relations became visible by the time we managed to delegate someone to represent the group on dance practise, we trusted the person the he won’t let us down. We also managed to learn the dance from him. And that has made us to bond more. Effect of Team Dynamics on individual’s behaviour Most people are more effect when working as a group than working alone, other people will find this as a problem. Working in a group of people of different cultures could lead to more tensed environment within the team, it is therefore very correct to learn or try to understand the do’s and the don’ts of other members culture and that will lead to profitable results as it stated that â€Å"Teams working together increase problem-solving skills and innovation, quality, and decrease turnover and absenteeism† (Teresa Armstrong, n. ). After developing positive team dynamics, the group will had the common goal of achieving the expected outcomes. This was shown on the camp when we were doing speed introduction, we managed to know each other better and had a chance to know the dos and don’ts of other peoples culture. This made us to perform well on the activities that were given and submit them on time. What is Personality? Hjelle and Ziegler (1987, p. ) explains that â€Å"personality refers to the overall impression that an individual makes to others†, at the same time Robbins (1979, p. 90) explains that â€Å"personality is the sum of ways in which an individual reacts and interact with others† Personality affects the performance of the entire group, and these authors agree on the definition of personality. The team need to study each member’s personality, hence that will create a healthy working environment. Personality Type and Team Dynamics The Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to understand the personality of individual, and that can be effective in developing team dynamics. MBTI shows the following characters of personalities: Extroverted/ Introverted, Sensing/Intuitive, Thinking/ Feeling, Judging / Perceiving. Extrovert/Introverted These kinds of people are either described as people who are out spoken, work well in a group (extrovert) or people who focuses on the inner world and this kind of person likes to work individually. Introverts can sometimes frustrate the Extroverts, because of the strength of the Introverts shines when they alone and they are not more in group discussions as it stated that â€Å"Extraverted types who work best by thinking out loud and considering matters in dialogue can be frustrated by Introverted types whose best work on thinking and considering is done internally and detached from active interaction† (Personality Pathways, 2009). Even though these personalities are differing in terms of preferences, they can contribute to the team positively. Hence the introverts in a group will be treated as the knowledge source or the strategist of the group while Sensing/Intuitive Since in the team people have different personalities, here there will be a discussion on how the groups or teams benefits to people with sensing and intuitive personalities. Effective communicators they first identify the problem and then propose solution(s) to the problem, so people with this kind of personality in the sense that they are more realistic, practical and got self confidence. Psychological Types ( 2008a) explains that â€Å"Intuition is an ability to deal with the information on the basis of its hidden potential and its possible existence†, it is therefore clear that this kind of personality can effectively contribute towards the group or team. Hence they are able to foresee the possible outcomes of the task and this will help the group to effectively communicate with vision of the possible solution. This kind of personality is clearly found on someone who is the go-getter and someone who is creative. Thinking/Feeling Psychological Types ( 2008b) explains that â€Å"Thinking is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its structure and its function. Feeling is an ability to deal with information on the basis of its initial energetic condition and its interactions†, people with this kind of personality (thinking) are more in the decision making side. Someone with thinking personality has the greater ability of doing things in logical manner and he ends to pay more attention on the bigger picture of the given task. People with the feeling personality type are more concerned about feelings of other individuals and they are more ethical, which makes them to be good in developing team dynamics. Team with good ethical rules they tend to be more effective and produce quality results. In any working environment there will be some times conflicts and sometimes conflicts can lead a group to informed or uninformed decisions. So people with the feeling personality don’t like conflicts and that could be their weak link, because when working as team there are high probabilities of conflicts and sometimes conflicts are healthy for the survival of the team. Judging/Perceiving Judging Personality type is essential to the success of the group, because people with this kind of personality are creative in making plans, organizing tasks to be done. By having an individual with that kind of personality and the communication channels of the group or team are clearly defined, the team is advantage of achieving its objectives in expected time. The individuals with judging personality is more like the backbone of the group or team because someone with this kind of personality doesn’t give up on the given tasks and that individual can be sometimes be called the information centre of the group, because some of the possible solutions for the group might come from that individual. The other type of personality is called Perceiving. This type of personality is referred to someone who can adapt in any situation that the group find its self in. Individuals with perceiving personality is referred to as more open minded as it stated that â€Å"Perceiving is the preference outwardly displayed. Perceiving people are flexible, and they like to keep their options open and think randomly† (My Personality. Info. n. d). If an individual is described to have the perceived type of personality, the individual need the attention of the group, because the performance of this individual depends on his/her mood. And can be costly to the team performance and the team level of communication, because if the individual is not in mood then the entire team will be affected too. Having well defined ethical behaviour in the group and well established accountability standards that will lead to mutual respect mong group member, effective communication and profitable results in the given activities. The Author’s Personality Type After conducting the online personality type test, the author of this paper was described as ESTJ where E stands for Extrovert, S – Sensing, T – Thinking and J – Judging. The results of the test were exactly the author’s personalities. Even though the test results exactly explain the personality of the author, and the author is strongly agree with the fact that these results are true and also feels that these results are not fully explaining the author of this paper. The reason the author believes that is an extrovert is because of the fact the author can easily adapt to the new group and can easily get along with people of different culture and different backgrounds. This was shown on the camp when I had to be in the cabin with people that I saw for the first time. I managed to get along with my cabin mates and I made many friends from that camp. The effective communicator is not someone who speaks loud but it’s someone who can effectively convey the message to other people without any difficulties and the massage received is clear and unambiguous. The author is also having the sensing type personality, because of the self-confidence that the author has and how realistic the author is. The online personality test also sees the author of this paper as Thinking type of personality, and the author fully agrees with the test results because of the fact that when it comes to decision making for the benefit of the team or group the author excels. Every individual got its own talent and specialization area, and the author of this paper believes that clear communication channels and clear definition of roles in the team, that will healthy working environment. The online personality test has further seen the author of this paper as someone who is having Judging type of personality, and the author strongly agrees with that outcome because of the contributions that the author contribute towards the given tasks of the group and the self discipline the author has. The ESTJ type of personality is more essential towards the success of the group, because in a group there will be different personalities such as INFP. This kind of personality reacts to group dynamics differently as ompared to ESTJ type of personality. So if the group dynamics are well developed to the benefit of the team, and all different personalities are given platform to express its opinions that will lead to effect working environment. Since team dynamics are more concerned about how the group interact, how tasks are scheduled from the start to the end and also how the decision making is made, the personality type of the author of this paper allows the author to fit in any kind of working environment. Knowing what is expected of you in a group, that’s what makes team members to work effectively and deliver what is expected of them. When the team roles are divided is done according to the expertise of an individual member of the group, hence that will enhance productivity within the group. The author of this paper has the very power full mind of looking at things in a way in which will benefit the group. References http://www.personalitypathways.com/MBTI_intro.html http://www.socionics.com/main/types.htm http://www.mypersonality.info/personality-types/judging-perceiving/

Famous Inventions on the April Calendar

Famous Inventions on the April Calendar What famous events happened in the calendar month of April concerning patents, trademarks, and copyrights? Find out who patented roller skates, and discover which famous inventor has the same April birthday as you or what invention was created on your April birthday. April Calendar of Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights April 1 1953- Arthur Millers The Crucible, a play in four acts based on the Salem witch trials of the 17th century and referencing the then-current plague of McCarthyism, was copyrighted. April 2 1889- Charles Hall patented an inexpensive method for the production of aluminum, which brought the metal into wide commercial use. April 3 1973- Francis W. Dorion was granted patent #3,724,070 for a dual razor blade assembly. April 4 1978- Francisco Garcia was granted patent #4,081,909 for orthodontic pliers. April 5 1881- Edwin Houston and Elihu Thomson were granted a patent for a centrifugal separator: the creamer.   April 6 1869- Isaac Hodgson received patent #88,711 for the roller skate. April 7 1896- Tolbert Lanston was issued a patent for a monotype printing  press. April 8 1766- The first fire escape was patented- the contraption was a wicker basket on a pulley with a chain.1997- Hooshang  Bral received a patent for an automatically rinsing baby bottle. April 9 1974- Phil Brooks received a patent for a disposable syringe, although intravenous injections and infusion began as early as 1670. April 10 1849- Walter Hunt patented the first safety pin, based in part on the Roman brooch known as a fibula. Hunt also invented several other famous things, all of which he gave up on before seeing any profit. April 11 1893- Frederic Ives patented the process for a half-tone printing press. April 12 1988- Drs. Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart on behalf of Harvard University were issued the first patent, #4,736,866, for a new animal life form: a genetically altered mouse. April 13 1990- The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie was copyrighted. April 14 1964- Paul Winchell (a ventriloquist whose main dummy was Jerry Mahoney) was granted patent #3,129,001 for an inverted novelty mask. April 15 1997- Bertram Burke received a patent for an automatic philanthropic contribution system called the MILLIONAIRES CLUB. April 16 1867- Wilbur and his brother Orville Wright invented the airplane, which they called a flying machine.1997- James Watkins received a patent for confetti that flutters and darts. April 17 1875- Snooker, a variation of pool, was invented by Sir Neville Chamberlain.1908- The song Hail Hail the Gangs All Here was copyrighted. April 18 1916- Irving Langmuir received a patent for an incandescent gas lamp. Some of his other accomplishments include atomic-hydrogen welding and contributions to the development of the radio vacuum tube. April 19 1939- John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath was copyrighted. April 20 1897 -  Simon Lake was granted a patent for an even keel submarine. April 21 1828- Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.1857- Albert Douglas patented a ladies bustle.1931- Ester Kiefer received a patent for ornamental paper. April 22 1864- The United States minted the first coin with In God We Trust on it.1884- John Golding patented a process for metallic silk screening.1955- Congress declared that all U.S. coins would be minted with In God We Trust on them. April 23 1964- My Fair Lady, the movie based on a musical version of George Bernard Shaws play Pygmalion, was registered.1985- The trade secret New Coke formula was released. Coca-Cola was invented by John Pemberton of Atlanta, Georgia. The famous trademark name was a suggestion given by Pembertons bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. April 24 1907- Anchors Aweigh, the march and two-step by Chas. A. Zimmerman, was copyrighted. April 25 1961- Robert Noyce was granted a patent for a semiconductor device-and-lead structure, the integrated circuit otherwise known as the chip. Noyce was the co-founder of Intel Corporation. April 26 1881- Frederick Allen patented a life raft.1892- Sarah Boone patented an ironing board. April 27 1920- Elijah McCoy received a patent for an air-brake pump lubricator. April 28 1908- Leonard Dyer obtained a patent for an automobile transmission. April 29 1873- Eli Janney received a patent for automatic railroad car couplings. April 30 1935- Patent #2,000,000 was issued to Joseph Ledwinka for vehicle wheel construction. April Birthdays April 1 1578- English physician William Harvey, who discovered blood circulation.1858- Italian sociologist Gaetano Mosca, who wrote the Circulation of Elite.1865- Germany chemist Richard Zsigmondy won the Nobel Prize in 1925.1887- American philologist and linguist Leonard Bloomfield dominated the science of linguistics.1922- American computer scientist Alan Perlis was best known for his pioneering work in  programming languages. April 2 1618- Mathematician and physicist Francesco M. Grimaldi discovered light diffraction.1841- French engineer and inventor Clement Ader is remembered primarily for his pioneering work in aviation and as a mechanical and electrical genius.1875- Walter Chrysler founded the Chrysler car company.1900- German musicologist Heinrich Besseler is best known for his Medieval, Baroque and   Renaissance music.1922- Russian atomic physicist Nikolaj G.  Bassov  worked with  lasers  and won the Nobel Prize in 1964.1948- Noted astronomer and educator Eleanor Margaret Burbridge was the first woman to be appointed to the Royal Greenwich Observatory. April 3 1837- Writer and nature enthusiast John Burroughs had the Burroughs Medal named after him.1934- British ethologist  Jane Goodall studied African chimps. April 4 1809- American mathematician and astronomer Benjamin Pierce contributed to studies in celestial mechanics, algebra, number theory and philosophy of mathematics.1821- Linus Yale  was an American portrait painter and inventor who invented the Yale cylinder lock.1823- Karl Wilhelm Siemens was an inventor who laid undersea cables.1826- Zenobe Theophile Gramme invented an electric motor.1881- Encyclopedist Charles Funk produced Funk and Wagnalls.1933- English manufacturer Robin Phillips invented a hand-dryer. April 5 1752- Sebastien Erard invented improved pianos and harps.1838- American invertebrate paleontologist Alpheus Hyatt made important contributions to the study of invertebrate fossils.1899- American inventor Alfred Blalocks invention ushered in the era of cardiac surgery.1951- Dean Kamen  invented the  Segway, and several other things, including the AutoSyringe, a mobile dialysis system, and the first wearable insulin pump.1954- Computer programmer Michael W. Butler invented the TODAY program. April 6 1920- Swiss scientist Edmond H. Fischer won the 1992 Nobel Prize in medicine with Edwin Krebs for their discoveries in reversible protein phosphorylation.1928- Chemist James D. Watson co-discovered the structure of DNA.1953- American inventor Andy Hertzfeld was a co-inventor of the Apple Macintosh; he started a new company called General Magic. April 7 1775- American businessman  Francis Cabot Lowell  invented the first raw cotton-to-cloth textile mill.1859- Walter Camp  was the father of American football and invented many of the rules.1860- Noted American vegetarian  Will Keith Kellogg  was the founder of the Kellogg Company and invented a process of making flaked cereal, corn flakes, for use as a healthy breakfast cereal.1869- American botanist explorer David Grandison Fairchild brought new plants into the United States.1890- Noted environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas was nicknamed the First Lady of the Everglades. April 8 1869- American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing did the first blood pressure studies.1907- Noted chemist Maurice Stacey is known for his contributions to carbohydrate chemistry.1911- American chemist Melvin Calvin won the Nobel Prize in 1961 for his work on photosynthesis. April 9 1806- Isambard Kingdom Brunel invented the first Trans-Atlantic steamer.1830- Eadweard Muybridge  pioneered the study of  motion photography.1919- John Presper Eckert was the co-inventor of the first  all-electronic  computer called the ENIAC. April 10 1755- German physician Samuel Hahnemann invented homeopathy.1917- Organic chemist Robert Burns Woodward won the Nobel prize in 1965. April 11 1899- Chemist  Percy L. Julian  invented a drug for the treatment of arthritis called cortisone. 1901- Adriano Olivetti was an Italian engineer and manufacturer of typewriters. April 12 1884- German psychologist and biochemist Otto Meyerhof won the Nobel Prize in 1922.1926- James Hillman is credited with developing archetypal psychology. April 13 1832- British designer and inventor James Wimshurst invented the electrostatic generator.1899- Alfred Moser Butts invented the game Scrabble. April 14 1886- American psychologist Edward C. Tolman created behaviorism. April 15 1452- Italian painter  Leonardo da Vinci  was also an inventor. April 16 1682- John Hadley invented the first reflecting  telescope.1867- ​Wilbur Wright  co-invented the first manned and engined airplane. April 17 1934- Don Kirshner invented bubblegum music. April 18 1905- Medical research pioneer George Herbert Hitchings was renowned for developing drugs for several major diseases and was co-winner of the Nobel Prize in 1988. April 19 1768- English entomologist and botanist Adrian H. Haworth was known for his work with succulent plants.1877- Ole Evinrude  invented the outboard marine engine1912- American chemist Glen T. Seaborg discovered plutonium and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951.1931- American computer scientist Fred Brooks is best known for managing the development of IBMs   System/360 computers. April 20 1745- Physician Philippe Pinel is considered the founder of psychiatry. 1921- Donald Gunn MacRae is a noted sociologist.1927- Swiss superconductivity physicist Karl Alex Muller won the Nobel Prize in 1987 for his discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in a new class of materials.1934- Lindsay Oliver John Boynton is a noted furniture historian. April 21 1782- German educator Friedrich W.A. Frobel invented kindergarten.1849- German embryologist Oskar Hertwig discovered fertilization.1913- Biochemist Choh Hao Li isolated growth hormones. April 22 1799- Physician and physiologist Jean Poiseuille discovered blood pressure.1853- French anthropologist Alphonse Bertillon devised the crime ID system.1876- Sweden otologist Robert Barany was a vestibular expert who won the Nobel Prize in 1914.1919- American biochemist Donald Cram won the Nobel Prize in 1987.1929- Margaret Pereira was a noted forensic scientist. April 23 1858- German physicist Max Planck wrote the Planck Constant and won the Nobel Prize in 1918.1917- Nuclear physicist Jacob Kistemaker invented an  ultracentrifuge. April 24 1620- Statistician John Graunt founded the science of demography.1743- Edmund Cartwright  invented the power loom.1914- Justin Wilson invented Wise  Potato Chips. April 25 1769- Mark Isambard Brunel was a noted engineer and inventor.1825- Charles Ferdinand Dowd standardized time zones.1874- Guglielmo Marconi  invented a radio system and won a Nobel Prize in 1909.1900- Swiss-American physicist Wolfgang Pauli discovered the Pauli inhibition and won a Nobel Prize in 1945. April 26 1879- English physicist Owen Williams Richardson won a Nobel Prize in 1928. April 27 1896- Wallace Hume Carothers invented nylon.1903- Biochemist Hans Walter Kosterliz is best known as one of the key discoverers of endorphins.1791- Inventor  Samuel Finley Breece Morse  was born. April 28 1846- Swedish astronomer Johann E. Backlund discovered planets and asteroids.            1882- Italian industrialist Alberto Pirelli joined the family small rubber factory in Italy- the first of its kind- and was active in international affairs.   April 29 1893- Physicist Harold C. Urey discovered Deuterium and won a Nobel Prize in 1934. April 30 1777- Carl Friedrich Gauss is considered the worlds greatest mathematician.

TColorButton Delphi Component Source Code

TColorButton Delphi Component Source Code The background color of a  TButton  is controlled by Windows,  not Delphi. TButton is a simple wrapper around the standard Windows button, and Windows does not allow it to be colored except by choosing the colors in Control Panel.   This means you can not set the background color of a TButton, nor you can change the background color of TBitBtn or TSpeedButton. Since Windows insists on doing the background coloring with clBtnFace, the only way to change it is to draw the button yourself by making an owner-drawn button component. TColorButton Source Code The TColorButton adds three new properties to the standard TButton: BackColor  - Specifies the background color of the buttonForeColor  - Specifies the color of the button text. Note that this overrides the Font.Color propertyHoverColor  - Specifies the color used to paint the buttons background when the mouse hovers over the button. Heres how to set color-related properties of the TColorButton at runtime: ColorButton1.BackColor : clOlive; //background ColorButton1.ForeColor : clYelow; //text ColorButton1.HoverColor : clNavy; //mouse over Installing Into a Component Palette The TColorButton comes  as  a single unit file with the .PAS file extension. After downloading the component, you need to install the source component into an existing package.

The Fragrance of Advertising †Marketing Essay

The Fragrance of Advertising – Marketing Essay Free Online Research Papers The Fragrance of Advertising Marketing Essay Advertising is often considered in adding in the development of stereotypes in our society. Ads cover everything from the classic â€Å"women in the kitchen routine,† to the man being portrayed as the tough rugged individual. As our society becomes more accepting the ads have become increasingly sexual, from women lying nearly nude in provocative positions to men posing shirtless with their legs open. These styles are all prevalent in the nations leading magazines, including Cosmo and Maxim. As I searched through these various magazines I saw this style repeated many times in one particular product advertisements. I noticed that more often than not, ads for perfume were highly sexualized. I choose two in particular, which follow the highly sexualized ad stereotype, as well as one that would appear to negate the repeated theme witnessed by our culture, that will be the thesis of my essay. The first ad is for Davidoff â€Å"Cool Water† perfume. This particular ad represents Susan Bordo’s idea of a stabilizing image. In this sense, the particular ad helps to contribute to our society’s view of a woman. A young beautiful woman, shown nude, lying on her stomach is certainly the way women are preferred to be seen. In order to sell their product the advertisers use this beautiful woman to have their product seem more appealing, much like any clothing ad where a skinny model is used to show off the latest pair of jeans. The advertisers hope that when other women see a beautiful model they will believe that the perfume is responsible for her beauty. The shape of the bottle poses another issue. The curves of the bottle are much like the curves of a beautiful woman. The bottle could represent the missing lower half of the model shown here. The skinny top signifying her tight stomach slowly curving into her full hips. Regardless of why the bottle is there, it still represents the beauty of a woman. The ad is a contributor to the stereotypical view of women in our society. The next ad is for Dior â€Å"Jadore†. Once again this is a stabilizing image of our society. Another young, beautiful, slightly more clad, woman is enticing you to purchase this product. This skinny model looks as if to say â€Å"You can be beautiful like me, all you need is a bottle of Jadore.† Advertisers know that all women have issues with their body and clearly exploit this fact. There are very few women in this world who would not want to look like these models. Advertisers try to connect owning their product with being as flawless as the women used to promote it. They manipulate a woman’s perception of beautiful in order to market their product more effectively. As in the previous ad, the bottle shown here is again curvaceous, another symbol of the beauty attainable by using this product. Also predominant in both ads is the use of water. In the first ad crisp blue water, matching the models eyes, with waves crashing in the distance fills the picture. The Dior ad has a more tranquil look to it. The model is immersed to her chest in a brilliant gold liquid, this time matching with her hair as opposed to her eyes. The gold color adds to the beauty of the women as well as to the appeal of the perfume. There are, however, ads out there that seem to be contrary to the normal stereotype. Referred to as â€Å"Destabilizing Images† by Susan Bordo, they often portray a man or woman in an environment contrary to our cultural beliefs. For example, it may show a man cooking dinner, or a woman in her corporate outfit working in the office. These images are not usually the first to come to mind when you think of the traditional roles of both men and women. In the Adidas ad for their fragrance â€Å"Moves† destabilizing images are present. First you notice that the women are not only clothed, they are also dressed in rather â€Å"sporty outfits.† The girl on the right has on capris and a sports bra, implying that she is actively involved is some form of athletics. The girl on the left, even though she is seen in a bikini top, is a shown wearing soccer shorts, also resulting in the athletic type of appearance. Their environment is also different. They are shown jumping on trampolines as opposed to the classic â€Å"deserted beach† look. These variations result in an ad removed from the previous stabilizing images that break away from the stereotypes of society or does it? If you take a closer look you can still see the young beautiful girls shown in the previous ads. They too have flawless bodies. Even though the girls are represented as â€Å"athletic† they most certainly don’t have the athletic style of body. The girls are very lean much like the models of any other stabilizing image. Even though the girls are shown with more clothes than the previous ads, the bare stomachs and exposed legs add to the sexuality of the ad. Also, written across the ad is the line, â€Å"For all the ways you play,† a sexual innuendo? I believe so. So at first glance this ad may seem to be a contradiction of modern societal views but it is still nothing more than a â€Å"complicated and bewitching tangle of new possibilities and old patterns of representation,†(Bordo 167) Advertisers follow trends in society. At the current time thin women are praised in our society. Advertisers know this and use these stereotypical women to promote their products. Many people, however, argue that people’s views are controlled by what they see. Therefore our nations infatuation with skinny women would supposedly have been started by advertisements. In the early part of the 1900’s, however, large women were the rage. Men were more interested in large busted, full figured women. As the nation grew, however, and became more health conscience there was a change to women of leaner statue. As our nation changed its perspective on women, the ads had to follow and give their public what it wanted. Now ads are filled with lean beautiful women because that is what people want to see. These are representations of what people wish they could look like. In all three of the ads I explained, beautiful women were used as an enhancement of their product. This is the trend found in all sorts of products. Skinny beautiful people are what our society wants to be and that is what the advertisers supply us with. Research Papers on The Fragrance of Advertising - Marketing EssayAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMind TravelMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Masque of the Red Death Room meanings

HRD 495 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

HRD 495 - Essay Example Media and Social Movements: An exploration of the ‘Green Movement’ in Iran.† In the article, the journalist posts an abstract written by Annabelle Sreberny. The abstract says that the post-election growth of a social movement by the name Green Movement was unexpected by many news agencies. It adds that a critical view into the post-election happening shows how difficult it is has been for Iran to embrace new media (wireless telecommunications) in traditional politics. Annabelle seeks to showcase the poly-media surrounding of young Iranians and explain the developments of Green Movement communication. It can therefore be concluded that wireless communication is vital in sustaining modern social movements. This form of communication is fast and can offer protection of its users from political influence and violation. In this day and age, the internet is highly employed by social media because of its efficiencies such as discreteness, affordability and speed in transferring information. The relationship between wireless telecommunications and social movements should be embraced in today’s word. Kristariley. (2011). Event at McGill this Week – Social Media and Social Movements in the Middle East and North Africa. Montreal: WordPress. Retrieved on 20th November 2011 from the World Wide Web

This History of Pennsylvania Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

This History of Pennsylvania - Term Paper Example iThe life of these American Indians was quite remote and they basically had Stone Age heritage precisely in the area of weaponry, arts and crafts.ii They had simple lives and they relied on manual labor than technology of any form. They earned their living through agriculture, making weapons, pottery, weaving etciii. although majority was hunter gatherers as well. Basically there were two groups that were formed; first ones belonged to New York, Pennsylvania and the ones that had Iroquoian speech. Further the other tribe that spoke the Algonquian, belonging to various tribes like the Delaware's, Shawnee etc. "Two other peoples, the Shawnee and the Monongahela, lived in western Pennsylvania. Little is known about the Monongahela's, who disappeared before  Europeans  arrived. Most Shawnees would move west as the  European settlements arrived." (Prentzas, 9) Later when the Europeans started to explore then as a result of the rise of nation when they started to discover and acquire lands across the European continent. There were many battles within the region that caused the Germans to migrate from Germany. These Germans were eventually left to settle in Pennsylvania. Further the tussle that had aroused between the Crown and parliament also caused many Europeans to migrate from England to reside in various American regions. This migration had made various segments in the European society who then settled in America. There was immense cultural disparity and various segments of the Europeans came to America.iv Hence, as a result the land of Pennsylvania was now flooded with many Europeans who had migrated in order to establish in this newly discovered land. This migration caused great difficulties for the aboriginals residing in the region who were sabotaged of their homeland. Hence Pennsylvania was formed into colonies by the Dutch and Swedish immigrants. These immigrants brought many slaves with them to the region. Therefore the English then settled in Pennsy lvania in the year 1664. The pioneer of establishing a colony in the most important city of Philadelphia was William Penn. The reason of establishing this colony was as a result of the religious leniency that Pennsylvania offered, most of the immigrants were Quakers. During the middle of eighteenth century, the region was now being appealed by many the German and Scottish immigrants. Further there were also residents of the British Isles who came in the region before the American Revolutionary war. The chief city of Pennsylvania is Philadelphia which was then made the house of the federal government for a long period of time from 1776 to 1800 at that point a very important doctrine namely the Declaration of Independence was signed which later lead to the establishment of a constitution for the United States of America in the year 1787. Pennsylvania has the honor of housing various important sights like the Valley Forge, the fame that is associated with the Revolutionary war and Gett ysburg which was the place where the most important battle of the civil war was held. The liberty Bell is also in Pennsylvania near the Independence Hall. All these add to Pennsylvania's historic importance. Governance is an important factor in order to in order to sustain and bring about peace within a region. The government of Pennsylvania is

Why bad projects are so hard to kill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why bad projects are so hard to kill - Essay Example Bad projects are continued because of charismatic project champions who can easily influence key decision-makers in blindly supporting the project. Royer provides the example of Lafarge, where project members revealed that they immediately supported the project because the project champion believed it to be a future winner (53). When the â€Å"emergence of belief† in the project’s achievements is combined with strong management desire for success, the result is blind allegiance to a poorly-planned and assessed project (Royer 53). The power of charisma and grandeur visions of success can cloud the planning process and omit risk-assessment (Resch 41). Royer notes that some of the negative repercussions of bad projects are: large financial losses and resignation of exit champions. Lafarge lost $30 million (in 1992 dollars) and a new mineral-fillers manager who questioned the bad project’s feasibility (52). This manager represents exit champions who would have encour aged a critical approach in assessing the bad project. Widman provides some positive effects of bad projects, such as leading to new more promising projects. For instance, IBM 7030 or â€Å"Stretch† failed to be a feasible and profitable project, but resulted to the inventions of â€Å"pipelining, memory protection, memory interleaving and other technologies that have shaped the development of computers† (Widman 1). Thus, failed projects can lead to large losses of money and talent, but some can also lead to new

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves Essay

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves - Essay Example Legal Position Every employee has a right to emergency leave to take care of dependants across many labor law jurisdictions. Public and private employees have equal access to time allowance in order to take care of their dependants, usually in form of unpaid emergency leaves. According to Miller (2012, p. 419), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 was enacted to provide protection to employees who require emergency leaves to take care of family or medical needs. The Act provides for emergency leave allowances of up to 12 weeks per year for general employment environment, which is accordingly extended in certain types of reasons for the dependant’s emergency need. For instance, if the dependant needs care following an injury while on a military duty, the Act provides for emergency leave of up to twenty six weeks a year. Under the details provided in the case facts, it is not clear what the cause is for the illness that Mary suffers from. The bottom line, however, is that Bruce as an employee is entitled to a certain amount of time for emergency medical attention for his wife. Within the restrictions under the Act for the number of weeks allowed within a twelve months working period, the question of how procedural Bruce was in taking leave may be the cause of the stand-off as opposed to whether he had a claim (McFarlane 2012, para4). It is not clear how many days Bruce took the emergency leaves as well as the reason for the illness that his wife suffered from. As explained above, there are certain causes of Mary’s sickness that could extend the days allowance. The size of the organization in which Bruce works may also bring the consideration of the length of time that he has claimed for emergency leaves into perspective. Ordinarily, the duration of the leave within the twelve month period is dictated by the size of the employee base, which is assumed to be 50 employees (Hunter 2009, p183). However, certain states do not have reservations in the limit of number of employees in the organization in order for the emergency leave to be allowed. It is only logical for the employees to be allowed to take an emergency leave if there is enough cover during the absence, presumably from the pool of colleagues. The danger to life of the dependant may, however, compel the situation to be stretched to accommodate emergency leaves. In order to qualify for an emergency leave, the employee must satisfy the basic requirements of an emergency under the Act. According to the case facts, Bruce’s relationship with Mary qualifies to access an emergency leave on family grounds. Perhaps more definitions of marital status and relationship would require visitation, but the low threshold on cohabitation may dispel such doubts. In case the employer requires proof of entitlement, Bruce will have to provide some form of evidence to support the argument that Mary is his wife (Hunter 2009, p24). Although certain circumstances may make it imp ossible to prove such a relationship immediately, the requirement of evidence reasonable under the circumstances is a sufficient proof. Legal Advice Bruce’s position in this case is that though he is entitled to a medical emergency leave for his spouse’s care, there are limitations in the allowable number of days. The sickness of Bruce’s wife is reportedly a lengthy one, stretching to over 15 years. However, it is not verifiable how many days

Analysis of the Reptile Garden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of the Reptile Garden - Essay Example When viewed in retrospect, it becomes evident that the incident of Anais getting locked in the garden room was of central importance to the development of her character, and to the different events that befell her later in her life. Although she denies this towards the end of the story, her ingestion of the drug and getting locked in the garden room was a transition point in he life. The most intriguing feature of this episode is the appearances of reptiles, followed by amphibians, that led to Anais getting scared and crying. Since the title of the story is also related to this garden room full of reptiles, this episode is of central importance to the story, so it would be discussed first. There could be several interpretations of this incident. The focus on the appearance of reptiles, with a subsequent transition to amphibians could denote the process of evolution from one species to the next, higher level of species. The writer could have used this approach to make an analogy for t he development and evolution of the Anais’ personality and character. This could be a way of depicting her growth as a person, and her development into the individual that she was meant to be. So she came out of that room a changed and evolved person, who was now had different aims and a different approach to life. Another explanation could simply be that Anais got terrified and disturbed due to her experience in the garden room; her loneliness, her exposure to animals, insects and other reptiles, her unhealthy condition due to the ingestion of the acid that was given to her by her cousin, and her sheer sadness that led her to weep alone in the room. Being subjected to such adverse experiences, she came out of that room a terrified and weak person, who was paranoid and always scared for her safety, since she â€Å"couldn’t stop shaking at the slightest unexpected movement† (Erdrich). This deterioration of her personality could have been the reason for her extrem e attachment to Nonette later, and even made her wonder why she got so weak when her parent’s love for her was so strong (Erdrich). A third interpretation of the episode could be that the incident broke her free from her habits, her compulsive attitude_ the evidence of which comes from her uncontrolled habit of cleaning the bathroom, even at midnight_ and the self-absorbing shell that she had encased herself into to keep the world at bay; and led her to experience new activities and desires that she had perhaps not allowed herself to experience before. It made her more reckless and carefree, and more spirited to live life in a manner different from what she was accustomed to and had been trained for. Perhaps the best explanation is the combination of the former two. It is evident that she was frightened by her experience in the garden room. Considering the emphasis placed on the appearances of the different animals, and the writer’s special mention of the appearance of first reptiles and then amphibians, it can be deduced that the Anais, after emerging from the room, had evolved into a scared, weak, and overall different person from a focused, stable individual who went into the room. The next intriguing event is Anais’ statement about Nonette, when she muses â€Å"

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves Essay

Legal advice to Bruce on his emergency leaves - Essay Example Legal Position Every employee has a right to emergency leave to take care of dependants across many labor law jurisdictions. Public and private employees have equal access to time allowance in order to take care of their dependants, usually in form of unpaid emergency leaves. According to Miller (2012, p. 419), the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) of 1993 was enacted to provide protection to employees who require emergency leaves to take care of family or medical needs. The Act provides for emergency leave allowances of up to 12 weeks per year for general employment environment, which is accordingly extended in certain types of reasons for the dependant’s emergency need. For instance, if the dependant needs care following an injury while on a military duty, the Act provides for emergency leave of up to twenty six weeks a year. Under the details provided in the case facts, it is not clear what the cause is for the illness that Mary suffers from. The bottom line, however, is that Bruce as an employee is entitled to a certain amount of time for emergency medical attention for his wife. Within the restrictions under the Act for the number of weeks allowed within a twelve months working period, the question of how procedural Bruce was in taking leave may be the cause of the stand-off as opposed to whether he had a claim (McFarlane 2012, para4). It is not clear how many days Bruce took the emergency leaves as well as the reason for the illness that his wife suffered from. As explained above, there are certain causes of Mary’s sickness that could extend the days allowance. The size of the organization in which Bruce works may also bring the consideration of the length of time that he has claimed for emergency leaves into perspective. Ordinarily, the duration of the leave within the twelve month period is dictated by the size of the employee base, which is assumed to be 50 employees (Hunter 2009, p183). However, certain states do not have reservations in the limit of number of employees in the organization in order for the emergency leave to be allowed. It is only logical for the employees to be allowed to take an emergency leave if there is enough cover during the absence, presumably from the pool of colleagues. The danger to life of the dependant may, however, compel the situation to be stretched to accommodate emergency leaves. In order to qualify for an emergency leave, the employee must satisfy the basic requirements of an emergency under the Act. According to the case facts, Bruce’s relationship with Mary qualifies to access an emergency leave on family grounds. Perhaps more definitions of marital status and relationship would require visitation, but the low threshold on cohabitation may dispel such doubts. In case the employer requires proof of entitlement, Bruce will have to provide some form of evidence to support the argument that Mary is his wife (Hunter 2009, p24). Although certain circumstances may make it imp ossible to prove such a relationship immediately, the requirement of evidence reasonable under the circumstances is a sufficient proof. Legal Advice Bruce’s position in this case is that though he is entitled to a medical emergency leave for his spouse’s care, there are limitations in the allowable number of days. The sickness of Bruce’s wife is reportedly a lengthy one, stretching to over 15 years. However, it is not verifiable how many days

Management of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Management of change - Essay Example ctively utilize the employees as well as suggesting suitable human resource management strategy that can be used to manage and empower the employees within the organisation. Implementing a new order in an organisation is concerned with change of the current operational system and in most cases change is met with resistance by many employees as a result of many factors. For the initiative to be successful, there is need for re-orientation of the workers through provision of basic training and development which would be closely monitored upon implementation as going to be illustrated using the lessons learned from the case study of Image Makers. The Image Makers advertising agency was founded in Switzerland in 1990 by two graduates who studied together at University. Over the years, the agency has grown and has received recognition within the industry for its innovation and creativity, particularly in the use of information technology which continued to develop tremendously. Inspired by the positive growth of the organisation, the two directors recently embarked on an initiative to establish Image Makers as an international company with offices across the globe. This was also necessitated by the organisation’s good reputation for being an innovative as well as a renowned company for attracting and retaining talented workers. However, this initiative redefined its performance history as well as its operations. This meant that some of the skilled workers were to be relocated to other countries where the organisation intended to open up offices. This led to the resignation of two managers, loss of two accounts personnel as well as some form of resistance from other employees which has led to poor performance among other things. Thus, the major aim of this essay is to suggest strategies that can be adopted and give a critical analysis of the best structure, culture, and systems that are necessary to make the change initiative work. A reflection about the action plan

The Model Devil Essay Example for Free

The Model Devil Essay Humanity views Satan in different forms, having various ideas of his being. Each race and religion has different faces of what Satan is. However, the world universally associates him with one concept: evil. Lucifer – his alternative name – has been depicted in religious teachings, in films, in literature, and in music throughout the years. All of these depictions give him life, thus giving humanity a solid picture of what is evil. The face of evil has been portrayed in two of the most prominent works of literature. Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus has Mephistophilis as the main character for the devil. It was followed by John Milton’s Paradise Lost which gave a detailed account of Satan’s background. These two literary works shared notable descriptions of the devil and became the basis of most people on how hell and Lucifer was viewed. Doctor Faustus referred to the German academician, Faust, who sold his soul to Lucifer in exchange for power and knowledge. One of Lucifer’s trusted follower, Mephistophilis was summoned by the doctor’s practice of necromancy. Faust spent the remaining twenty four years of his life doing deeds that will acquire him power through Mephistophilis’ assistance. The doctor questioned about the world by having debates with the servant of Lucifer. The devil also acted as a guardian to the doctor to make sure that he will follow the oath. The devil was portrayed in Marlowe’s work as the messenger of Lucifer. He generously shared with Faustus the truths of hell and willingly participated with Faust’s debates. From their first meeting Mephistophilis transformed into a Franciscan friar because Faust was unable to bear the devil’s original appearance. I charge thee to return, and change thy shape; Thou art too ugly to attend on me: Go, and return an old Franciscan friar; That holy shape becomes a devil best. (Marlowe) It was more convenient interacting with the devil after Faustus asked Mephistophilis to change its hideous form. Mephistophilis can be symbolized as an Angel of Death during his companionship with Faust’s last twenty four years. The devil aided Faustus in fulfilling every worldly desire. On the other hand, he watched the doctor closely to make sure that every move will only be faithful to the oath with Lucifer. The devil was with him until the very last day he lived on earth. In the course of the story, some scenes may have given an impression that Mephistophilis was portrayed in a friendly manner with some of the conversation with Faust. O, Faustus, leave these frivolous demands, Which strike a terror to my fainting soul! (Marlowe) Mephistophilis have been helping Faust because of the duty that was bestowed on him. On the other hand, the words that the devil uttered had an impression of allegiance with the doctor. The very moment that Dr. Faustus repented by the end of the story, that was the time that Mephistophilis had taken his life. The devil may have become a servant of Faust however; its loyalty still remained with Lucifer. Mephistophilis was able to claim Faust’s soul and the devil made sure the pact will be accomplished. This literary work of Marlowe became a model for the depiction of evil specifically in poetry. John Milton came out with an epic entitled Paradise Lost that has a brief similarity with Marlowe’s character. Milton’s work offered what the Catholic bible has forgotten to explain. He related a detailed account of Satan’s origin and how the formation of evil and hell came about. The dearest angel of God had begun to take pride into him and desired to be as powerful as the Almighty. Satan gathered all the other angels who shared the same view or who were persuaded by him, until a battle erupted in heaven. Defeated by God, all of the rebels were thrown out of heaven and fell into a burning lake. From this event, Satan took the role as the leader and started formulating strategies to defeat God. More than can be in Heaven, we now return To claim our just inheritance of old, †¦Whether of open war or covert guile, We now debate. Who can advise may speak. (Milton Book II)   The beginnings of Satan’s kingdom inflicted an inner conflict for the fallen angel. The defeat made him realized more of God’s superior power. The debates of whether to wage war or not, posed his hesitations of seeing his chances of winning but shortly, his pride and narcissism earned his confidence. To battle Heaven directly, he knew that the chances were slim but he was able to find a possible target to fight God. In Book II of Milton’s Paradise Lost, Satan was informed of the new world being built by God. †¦There is a place (If ancient and prophetic fame in Heaven Err not)—another World, the happy seat Of some new race, called Man, about this time To be created like to us, though less In power and excellence, but favoured more Of him who rules above; (book II) He found the new world as a vulnerable environment. Satan saw the vision inside him that if this world will be destroyed, he can persuade man to join his forces to fight God.   This particular work of Milton showed an evolution of an important character in humanity. Satan was given an established identity by relating his origin. The rest of Paradise Lost narrated the fallen angel’s quest for the downfall of man. When he succeeded with his plans with Adam Eve, he was able to create his own kingdom called Pandemonium. This place, in the eyes of the readers, became the physical location of hell. The depiction of these two characters has made a striking impact on how people of today view evil. Mephistophilis and Satan shared attributes that made them identifiable with the concept of evil. Somehow, these fictional devils became real in the eyes of the people. Marlowe and Milton were able to create a solid image of the devil that prompted society to view evil according to what the authors made. From the two literary works, the concept of hell was the first aspect that was discussed. Mephistophilis and Satan both narrated that hell cannot be found in a physical territory. Hell was viewed as a state of mind. A torture that cannot be determine unless it is felt. Within the bowels of these elements, Where we are tortur’d and remain for ever: Hell hath no limits, nor is circumscrib’d In one self-place; but where we are is hell, And where hell is, there must we ever be: †¦Ay, think so still, till experience change thy mind. (Marlowe) The Hell within him; for within him Hell He brings, and round about him, nor from Hell One step, no more than from himself, can fly By change of place: Now conscience wakes despair. (Milton Book IV) The above citations from both books pertain to the same views of the two devils regarding the concept of hell. It can be said that this particular notion of hell suggested that to see hell is to be emotionally tormented. The devils both interacted closely with humans with the intent of man’s destruction.   It was seen from both literature that man was seen as a weapon to battle God. Man as God’s creation was made vulnerable to temptations. This was used by the devil to lure man to commit sin and to disobey God. Both of the devils’ pursuit to lure man into disobedience was accompanied in the form of disguise. The transformation of Mephistophilis into a friar can symbolize Faustus’ desire to mock religion. Faustus was portrayed as a highly ambitious man who excelled in all academic areas and disregard religious laws. As Mephistophilis changed, this helped Faustus to interact with the devil without feeling intimidated and even gaining a sort of camaraderie in some of their outtakes. MEPHIST. †¦Here, take this book, peruse it well: The iterating of these lines brings gold; †¦Pronounce this thrice devoutly to thyself, And men in harness shall appear to thee, Ready to execute what thou commandst. FAUSTUS. Thanks, Mephistophilis, for this sweet book: This will I keep as chary as my life. (Marlowe) On the other hand, Satan changed into a serpent to blend with the nature of Adam and Eve’s habitat. It was easier for him to tempt Eve in the form of a creature that was made by God as well. God created the world and placed Adam and Eve in paradise, where animals were created to aid the couple in taking care of the land. The serpent being part of that creation, posed no threat to Eve. From Milton’s Book IX, it was easy for Satan to tempt Eve in the form of a serpent to serve as evidence that the beast did not die after eating the fruit. Thus, it made his lie more convincing. Whose rigid threats of Death; ye shall not Die: How should ye? by the Fruit? it gives you Life To Knowledge, By the Threatner, look on mee, Mee who have touchd and tasted, yet both live, †¦Shall that be shut to Man, which to the Beast Is open? or will God incense his ire For such a petty Trespass, and not praise Rather your dauntless virtue. (Book IX) In the course of events from both literary works, Mephistophilis and Satan shortly expressed a desire to re-experience the joy of heaven. Why, this is hell, nor am I out of it: Thinkst thou that I, that saw the face of God, And tasted the eternal joys of heaven, Am not tormented with ten thousand hells,   In being deprivd of everlasting bliss? (Marlowe) Mephistophilis described to Faust that heaven is an eternal joy. The devil was completely aware that by being damned together with Lucifer, it entailed a never ending unhappiness of the spirit. Me miserable! which way shall I fly Infinite wrath, and infinite despair? Which way I fly is Hell; myself am Hell; And, in the lowest deep, a lower deep   Still threatening to devour me opens wide, To which the Hell I suffer seems a Heaven. O, then, at last relent: Is there no place Left for repentance, none for pardon left? None left but by submission; (Milton Book IV) On the other hand, Satan shortly reflected of his previous stature from heaven. It can be considered that the particular text above gave a shadow of regret from Satan’s rebellious action. This desire of wanting to go back to heaven was depicted in the two literatures very briefly. In the end, both devils were overpowered by their decision to do evil deeds and battle God. Mephistophilis and Satan were associated in the same concept of evil. However, both of them were shaped and portrayed differently in the development of each story. They differed in creating impact and affecting changes in the flow of events. Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus already had an existing concept of evil where his characters and plot revolved around it. But it was Paradise Lost by John Milton who related the origin of evil. Taking that into account, it can be seen why Satan was portrayed as a political leader and Mephistophilis as Lucifer’s messenger. Milton made Satan navigate the direction of events in Paradise Lost. Being the central character, Satan’s actions created huge effects on other characters. On the contrary, though Mephistophilis was only described as a follower, he was the cause of the downfall of the central character when he ended Faustus’ life. The story of the origin of evil provided Satan’s character with depth. It entailed that evil has a reason why it exists, that somehow it can be justified. Unlike Mephistophilis who interacted with Faustus out of sheer pleasure for doing evil, Satan had progression with his character. The approach with evil was more personal and Paradise Lost showed the inner workings of Satan’s mind which was beyond unimaginable in Marlowe’s poetry. Satan can be seen either as a protagonist or a villain. He was bounded with a purpose, his character behaved as such because of that purpose. Mephistophilis’ dialogue was similar to the evil angel urging Faust not to repent. He was consistently persuasive and encouraging to Faust in fulfilling every worldly desire and denouncing God. Satan, on the other hand, exuded more of an emotional tone in his words. His despair and anger reflected the vengeance that he wanted to achieve against God because of his downfall. Here we may reign secure; and, in my choice, To reign is worth ambition, though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven. (Book I) Centuries have passed after Marlowe and Milton created these notable literary classics. The modern society still perceives evil as similar from the characters that were drawn in the poetries. Mephistophilis and Satan became prominent figures especially in the aspects of religious issues. These two created recognized features of the devil which were once incoherently described by religious entities. The devil may have been derived from fictional creations but it became part of human reality.

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease Mr Henderson has arrived in hospital after a history of falls at home and has just commenced a new medication regime. It is very possible that he may be anxious, worried, frightened as a result of falling at home which also may result in loss of confidence. He may also be apprehensive about his new medication regime. Having been diagnosed with Parkinsons for 5 years, he more than likely knowns the importance of getting his medications on time, in reducing the symptoms allowing him to maximise his independence. However, it is not for the nurse to presume this and she/he must sit down, talk to him, allowing him time to talk and express his worried and anxieties. This was help to establish a relationship and Mr Henderson will understand that you are there to support him throughout his journal of care. The nurse should also make sure that all members of the multidisciplinary team are aware of Mr Hendersons condition and if they are not aware of the importance of getting medication on time out with normal drug rounds then they should be informed of its importance and understand the significant consequenc es resulting from not getting the drugs on time such as reduced independence and prolonged hospital stay. As medications are a large part in maximising independence and mobility and it may be suggested that Mr Henderson receives his medications before getting out of bed in the morning. This will allow time for the drugs to work and therefore enabling him to get out of bed more easily. Freezing, a symptom of Parkinsons disease can be distressing for patients. It affects gait initiation, turning and moving through small spaces, such a doors and busy areas. Anxiety can exacerbate freezing and it is vital that the nurse can firstly recognise anxiety, this may be achieve through effective communication and listening skills and secondly developing strategies to reduce anxiety levels such as allowing him time to talk, listening and taking on board his expressions allowing for a trusting relationship to be developed, helping him to build in confidence and preparing him psychologically for going home. Various strategies have been suggested to assist with freezing. Alexander, Fawcett and Runicnan (2006) suggest cognitive techniques in breaking down movement. They suggest breaking down the task of getting out of bed in the morning and describe that patients should bend their knees so that feet are flat on the mattress and they the patient should swing knees in the direction that he wants to turn. The next stage involves clasping both hands and lifting them straight up, straightening the elbows, then turning the head and swinging the arms in the same direction as the legs. Finally the patient can grip the edge of the mattress and adjust his position until comfortable. When Mr Henderson is mobilising then it is important that he does not have any distractions and the nurse or other members of staff should not disturb or interrupt if at all possible as this could lead to freezing. The Parkinsons Disease Society describe cueing strategies as external meaning visual, auditory or preprioceptive or internal meaning cognitive. Visual cues could be stepping over a cue in the floor, for example tape can be placed on the floor in strips to help initiate in confined spaces when freezing has taken place. Tape can also be placed on the edges of stairs. Mr Henderson may also find useful to imagine he is taking steps up stairs and this may prompt movement. The nurse should ensure that the area is clutter free and this can exacerbate freezing. Auditory cues as the name suggests would indicate sound used to enhance movement. Metronomes have been described as a useful tool in support gait initiation. Counting out rhythms or singing and walking in time to this can be beneficial. Proprioceptive cues which means taking a step back before starting to walk; rocking gently from side to side or marching on the stop before stepping. The nurse should ask Mr Henderson if he has experienced falls in the past year and frequency, obtaining as much information as possible about the falls, this can form part of the patients assessment namely a Falls Risk Assessment. Nice (2004) provides clinical guidance on falls risk assessment and suitable referrals should be initiated to the physiotherapist who will help to improve balance and the occupational therapist can help to make Mr Hendersons home safer place to live by attending a home visit and suggesting suitable aids that can improve safety, maximising independence. One of the most devastating consequences of falling in older people is a fractured neck of femur which can have significant impact on independence and quality of life. The nurse may suggest to Mr Henderson about wearing a hip protector, this again can improve confidence and also help to protect the hip if her were to fall. A full explanation as to why this is being suggested should be provided allowing for in formed choice. Falls can be as a result of loss of balance and posture, freezing, only being able to take small steps, or dyskinesia and it is important to use techniques such as cues to minimise the risk of falls. Also physiotherapy input will help with exercise, improving balance and posture. Multidisciplinary collaborating is essential in proving effective care. The nurse can find out what strategies are being taught to Mr Henderson and the nurse can encourage continuation of these exercises within the ward environment. It is important to continue to communicate with Mr Henderson allowing for evaluation in care and understanding what strategies are working and ones that are not. Once evaluated alternative strategies may be considered. Postural hypotension should be monitored/assessed for patients with Parkinsons as this increases the risk of falls as a result of dizziness or fainting in the drop in blood pressure. The patient should be supine for at least 10 minutes before taking a supine blood pressure reading. Then another reading should be taken within 3minutes of him standing up from the supine position. The nurse should be aware the dizziness the patient may experience when standing up should be standing next to him when she does the reading. If there is a significant fall in systolic blood pressure, by 20mmHg or goes below 90mmHg then this would indicate that the person has postural hypotension. Strategies can be adopted to improve the deficit before considering pharmacological methods such as recommending gradual compression stockings to improve venous return and therefore blood pressure. For them to work efficiently they much be measured and fitted to ensure the correct pressure is applied to the legs and ensuring that Mr Henderson is achieving recommended fluid intake of 1500-2000ml per day. If Mr Henderson is in a bay of beds for example 6 beds, then his location within the room should be considered in relation to the toilet. The bed should be relatively close to the toilet, if his fluid intake perhaps is being increased then frequency to micturate will potentially be increased. Mr Henderson is experiencing reduced mobility then bed position should be definitely considered to minimise the risk of unnecessary bowel or bladder incontinence. A commode may be considered and placed discretely closer to his bed for the evening or provision of urine bottles and buzzer placed in a position that is easily available. Appropriate footwear should be consider, the nurse should ensure that the are well fitted and not falling off increasing the risk of falls. The nurse should also check his feet or ensure there are no problems such as ingrown toe nails or blisters. The nurse should also ensure that Mr Hendersons vision is examined or glasses should be worn at all times if required as this could result in unnecessary falls. 1299 words Parkinsons Disease Question 2b Within the substantia nigra and basal ganglia there is progressive degeneration of cells which produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. The substantia nigra is a strip of dark pigmented cells located in the midbrain and the basal ganglia are collections of nerve cells located in near the base of the cerebrum. When motor impluses are initiated in the motor cortex, they need to be modified by the basal ganglia and substantia nigra by modifying motor activity, posture and making fine adjustments to movement. This is contained within the extrapyramid motor system and within the system there is normally a fine balance of neurotransmitters dopamine and acytylcholine. Dopamine is inhabitory and acytylcholine is excitatory. Due to the reduction in dopamine there is excess of the excitory neurotransmitter acytlecholine resulting in excitable muscle tone and the symptoms associated with Parkinsons disease. Mr Hendersons has begun a new medication regime using co-careldopa used to regain and maintain the balance between dopamine and acytlecholine. Dopamine cannot be given on its own as it will fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a physiological barrier that prevents substances from getting across from the blood stream and into the brain. Instead of dopamine, the drug levadopa is used which can cross the blood brain barrier and is then converted into dopamine. The dopamine then acts on dopamine receptors in the extrapyraminal motor system to maintain the neurotransmitter balance and therefore control the Parkinsons disease symptoms. When levadopa is administered it is broken down in the gut and liver by an enzyme called dopa decarboxylase, therefore combined with levadopa is a drug that inhibits the enzyme from breaking down levadopa is used which will lengthen the effects of levadopa meaning that less drug is required. This drug is called dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (cardidopa) This combination of levadopa can be provided as a preparation of one drug called co-careldopa or Sinemet (the brand name) There may be side effect such as nausea and vomiting, postural fall in blood pressure, constipation, and red stained urine. Mr Henderson must be made made aware of these side-effects and should inform the nurses when he is experiencing them. Domperidone can be used as an anti-emetic to stop the side-effects of nausea and vomitting. Blood pressure should be monitored for signs of postural hypotension and if required a medication review may be required, the nurse may ask the patient not to sit up or stand up too quickly. Parkinsons Disease 2c